Solventless synthesis of nanospinel Ni1−xCoxFe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) solid solutions for efficient electrochemical water splitting and supercapacitance
Nyemaga Masanye Malima, Malik Dilshad Khan, Jonghyun Choi, Ram K. Gupta, Philani Mashazi, Tebello Nyokong, Neerish Revaprasadu
RSC Advances, 2021
The formation of solid solutions represents a robust strategy for modulating the electronic properties and improving the electrochemical performance of spinel ferrites. However, solid solutions have been
predominantly prepared via wet chemical routes, which involve the use of harmful and/or expensive
chemicals. In the present study, a facile, inexpensive and environmentally benign solventless route is
employed for the composition-controlled synthesis of nanoscopic Ni1-xCoxFe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) solid
solutions. The physicochemical characterization of the samples was performed by p-XRD, SEM, EDX,
XPS, TEM, HRTEM and UV-Vis techniques. A systematic investigation was also carried out to elucidate
the electrochemical performance of the prepared nanospinels towards energy generation and storage.
Based on the results of CV, GCD, and stability tests, the Ni0.4Co0.6Fe2O4 electrode showed the highest
performance for the supercapacitor electrode exhibiting a specific capacitance of 237 F g1, superior
energy density of 10.3 W h kg1 and a high power density with a peak value of 4208 W kg1, and 100%
of its charge storage capacity was retained after 4000 cycles with 97% coulombic efficiency. For HER,
the Ni0.6Co0.4Fe2O4 and CoFe2O4 electrodes showed low overpotentials of 168 and 169 mV,
respectively, indicating better catalytic activity. For OER, the Ni0.8Co0.2Fe2O4 electrode exhibited a lower overpotential of 320 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2, with a Tafel slope of 79 mV dec-1,
demonstrating a fast and efficient process. These results indicated that nanospinel ferrite solid solutions
could be employed as promising electrode materials for supercapacitor and water splitting applications.